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Just beware that they operate at 3.3V not 5V! They are accessed via SPI, and there is the SpiRAM library to help you use them. One option is to use one or more 23K256 chips. Getting more SRAM is actually fairly straightforward.
RAPID SKETCH SKETCH TOO BIG CODE
This means you may be able to refactor your sketch to reduce code size at the expense of increasing data size. Unfortunately, expanding Flash memory to increase program space isn't possible. If you've exhausted all other options, then expansion may be a possibility. It's also quite possible to interface with similar external storage, such as an SD card. It's not a great solution to data limitations, but it might be enough to ease the burden on Flash or SRAM. Obviously EEPROM is quite limited in size and speed though, and has a limited number of write cycles. If you need to use large lists or look-up tables of fixed data, then consider storing it in EEPROM in advance, and only pulling out what you need when necessary. Refactor your recursive functions to be iterative instead.ĮEPROM is used for long-term storage of things that only change occasionally.
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Each time a recursive call is made, it takes the stack a level deeper. Also try to reduce the number of string literals in your code if possible.Īvoid recursion if possible as well. For example, if you're outputting lots of text to serial, use multiple calls to Serial.print() instead of using string concatenation. Generally speaking, you should avoid doing String operations if possible. That way you'll only use SRAM for those variables when you actually need it.Īnother killer for SRAM usage is text processing (e.g. If a value needs to be shared between functions, consider if you can pass it as a parameter instead of making it global. If a variable is only used inside one function, and it doesn't need to persist between calls, then make it a local variable. Anything declared at global scope will exist for the entire lifetime of the sketch, and that isn't always necessary. A very common pitfall for beginner programmers is using too much global data. Runtime data (SRAM) optimisation tends to be a bit easier when you're used to it. Spending some time looking at how code changes affect the compiler output can help. It's a tricky balance to strike that tends to come with practice. However, be aware that sometimes trying to make code too reusable actually ends up making it more verbose.
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You may be able to condense them into reusable functions which can be called from multiple places. Sometimes it's also helpful to identify where multiple parts of your code are the same (or very similar). Unfortunately, there's no 'magic bullet' approach which will work for all situations, although it helps if you consider seriously what your sketch really needs to have. In terms of reducing program space (Flash) usage, the code size can be quite difficult to optimise if you're inexperienced, or if you're more used to programming for desktop computers which don't tend to need that skill. That means the very first thing to do if you run out of space is to look at what parts of your code you can optimise. Efficiency (in terms of speed and space) is far more important because resources are at a premium. Low-level programming for embedded systems is quite different from programming for general purpose devices, such as computers and cell phones.